The complete, NMC-notified syllabus for NEET UG 2026 โ Physics, Chemistry and Biology, unit by unit.
โก
Physics
20 Units
๐งช
Chemistry
20 Units
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Biology
10 Units
Source: This syllabus is based on the official NMC Public Notice (U-14023/19/NEET(UG Exam)/UGMEB) dated 22-12-2025, as published by NTA on 08.01.2026 for NEET UG 2026.
Units of measurements, System of Units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, Scalars and Vectors, Vector Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector, Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
Force and inertia, Newton's First law of motion; Momentum, Newton's Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton's Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications.
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. The potential energy of spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion.
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler's law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy of satellite.
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Bernoulli's principle. Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer โ conduction, convection, and radiation.
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases โ assumptions, the concept of pressure, Kinetic interpretation of temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules, Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, Mean free path, Avogadro's number.
Oscillations and periodic motion โ time period, frequency, displacement. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; oscillations of a spring, energy in S.H.M. Simple pendulum. Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a travelling wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law. Electric field, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications. Electric potential and its calculation, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy. Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances.
Electric current, Drift velocity, mobility. Ohm's law, Electrical resistance, V-I characteristics. Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell. Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, Metre Bridge.
Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Force on a moving charge in magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor, Moving coil galvanometer. Current loop as a magnetic dipole. Bar magnet, Magnetic field lines. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances.
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS values, reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC circuits. AC generator and transformer.
Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses. Refraction through a prism. Wave optics: Huygens' principle, Interference, Young's double-slit experiment, Diffraction due to a single slit, Polarization.
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation. Matter waves โ wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
Familiarity with basic approach and observations of experiments: Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple Pendulum, Metre Scale, Young's modulus, Surface tension, Co-efficient of Viscosity, Speed of sound, Specific heat capacity, Resistivity, Ohm's law, Galvanometer, Focal length of mirrors and lenses, Refractive index, p-n junction diode, Zener diode characteristics.
Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound; Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom. Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Quantum mechanical model of the atom, atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic configuration.
Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment, VSEPR theory. Quantum mechanical approach: Valence bond theory, hybridization. Molecular Orbital Theory. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding.
Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, state functions, types of processes. The first law of thermodynamics โ work, heat internal energy and enthalpy. Hess's law. The second law of thermodynamics โ Spontaneity of processes; ฮS and ฮG as criteria for spontaneity. Equilibrium constant.
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution โ molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage. Raoult's Law, ideal and non-ideal solutions. Colligative properties of dilute solutions โ relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure. Van't Hoff factor.
Meaning of equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical and chemical processes. Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc). Le Chatelier's principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, solubility products, buffer solutions.
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, Kohlrausch's law. Electrochemical cells, electrode potentials, Nernst equation, Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change. Dry cell, lead accumulator, Fuel cells.
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate โ concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst. Order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions. Arrhenius theory, activation energy, collision theory.
Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements. Periodic trends โ atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
Group 13 to Group 18 Elements. General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
Transition Elements โ General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties. Preparation, properties, and uses of KโCrโOโ and KMnOโ. Inner Transition Elements โ Lanthanoids and Actinoids.
Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding โ Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory; Importance of co-ordination compounds.
Purification โ Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Qualitative analysis โ Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only).
Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules; Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC). Covalent bond fission โ Homolytic and heterolytic. Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions โ Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.
Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions. Alkanes โ Conformations; Mechanism of halogenation. Alkenes โ Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition. Alkynes โ Acidic character; Addition reactions. Aromatic hydrocarbons โ Nomenclature, benzene structure and aromaticity, electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration. Friedel-Craft's reactions.
General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions. Ethers: Structure. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition reactions; Grignard reagent; aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction. Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
CARBOHYDRATES โ Classification; aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose). PROTEINS โ Elementary idea of ฮฑ-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, protein structure and denaturation. VITAMINS โ Classification and functions. NUCLEIC ACIDS โ Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Hormones (General introduction).
Detection of extra elements in organic compounds; Detection of functional groups. The chemistry involved in the preparation of inorganic compounds (Mohr's salt, potash alum) and organic compounds (Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform). Titrimetric exercises. Chemical principles involved in qualitative salt analysis.
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Lichens, Viruses and Viroids. Salient features and classification of plants โ Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms. Salient features and classification of animals โ nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level.
Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog).
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell organelles โ structure and function; Endomembrane system, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, plastids, Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; Nucleus. Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules, Enzymes โ types, properties, enzyme action. Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Photosynthesis: Autotrophic nutrition; pigments involved; Photochemical and biosynthetic phases; Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration โ glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle and electron transport system; Respiratory quotient. Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Growth regulators โ auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
Breathing and Respiration; Body fluids and circulation โ blood groups, Human circulatory system, ECG, Double circulation; Disorders โ Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Heart failure. Excretory products and their elimination โ Human excretory system, Urine formation, Osmoregulation, Diabetes insipidus. Locomotion and Movement โ Skeletal system, Joints, Disorders. Neural control and coordination โ Nervous system, Neuron, Generation and conduction of nerve impulse. Chemical coordination and regulation โ Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system; Role of hormones as messengers and regulators; Hypo- and hyperactivity-related disorders.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination; Double fertilization; Development of seed and formation of fruit. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Gametogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development, Pregnancy and placenta formation; Parturition; Lactation. Reproductive health: Prevention of STDs; Birth control; Contraception and MTP; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies โ IVF, ZIFT, GIFT.
Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism; Multiple alleles, Inheritance of blood groups, Chromosome theory of inheritance; Sex determination; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance โ Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders โ Thalassaemia; Chromosomal disorders โ Down's, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes. Molecular basis of Inheritance: DNA structure, packaging, replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression โ Lac Operon; Human genome project; DNA finger printing. Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution; Darwin's contribution, Modern Synthetic theory; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology โ vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse, Tobacco abuse. Microbes in human welfare: household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms โ Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues โ Biopiracy and patents.
Organisms and environment โ Population interactions: mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes โ growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy. Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance and Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.
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